The performance of a lithium battery directly determines the endurance, stability, and market competitiveness of end products. As a specialist in customized lithium battery modules, Gushine is committed to delivering high-performance, tailor-made battery solutions for a wide range of applications, including industrial handheld terminals, smart devices, and robotics.
This article provides a detailed overview of the core technical indicators of lithium batteries, helping you quickly build a foundational understanding of battery performance evaluation and offering scientific guidance for product selection and procurement.
Units: mAh (milliamp-hours) / Ah (amp-hours); 1000mAh = 1Ah
Rated Capacity: The total charge a battery can deliver under specific conditions (e.g., 25°C, 0.2C discharge rate) until it reaches the cut-off voltage.
Nominal Capacity: The average capacity under standard usage conditions, typically slightly lower than the rated capacity
Actual Capacity: Affected by environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and charge/discharge rate. Cold environments (e.g., below -20°C) can significantly reduce capacity.
Definition: The amount of energy stored per unit weight or volume—an important metric for battery endurance.
Energy Density = Capacity (Ah) × Voltage (V) ÷ Weight (kg) / Volume (L)
Typical Ranges:
Higher energy density means more compact and lightweight batteries with longer runtime.
Open-Circuit Voltage (OCV): Voltage when the battery is idle.
Operating Voltage: Stable voltage while the battery is in use.
Nominal Voltage: A standardized reference voltage used in battery specs.
Cutoff Voltage: The maximum and minimum voltage limits for charging/discharging. Exceeding these can damage the battery or cause safety risks such as swelling, fire, or explosion. These limits are typically managed by the Battery Management System (BMS).
Common Cutoff Voltage:
Defines how quickly a battery charges or discharges, expressed as a multiple of its rated capacity.
Example: A 5000mAh (5Ah) battery at 1C discharges at 5A; at 0.2C, it discharges at 1A.
High C-rate batteries are ideal for applications requiring rapid power bursts, such as drones and power tools.
Internal resistance affects heat generation and voltage stability.
Lower resistance leads to:
Internal resistance tends to increase as the battery ages or under low temperature and low charge conditions.
Refers to the number of full charge/discharge cycles a battery can endure under specific conditions (e.g., 80% Depth of Discharge) before its capacity falls to 80% of the original.
Reference Values:
Extreme conditions like high temperature and high C-rate usage shorten cycle life.
Indicates how long a battery retains usable capacity (80%) when not in use.
Reference Values:
Calendar life is heavily influenced by temperature, humidity, and state of charge during storage.
Capacity Retention: The percentage of original capacity the battery retains after a certain period of use.
Degradation Rate: The speed at which capacity diminishes over time.
A high-quality custom battery should maintain over 80% of its original capacity with gradual, predictable degradation.
Safety mechanisms include protection against overcharging, short circuits, overheating, etc. Gushine incorporates the following into its battery modules:
Pressure relief valves and anti-explosion membranes
The rate at which a battery naturally loses charge while idle.
Typical Range for Lithium Batteries: 1%–3% per month
Lower self-discharge ensures longer standby time for your devices. Unused lithium-ion batteries should be recharged regularly to avoid performance loss from over-discharge.
The temperature limits within which the battery functions properly.
Gushine's low-temperature battery solutions deliver approximately 70% capacity output even at –40°C—ideal for outdoor law enforcement devices and cold-climate communication equipment.
Refers to the uniformity of voltage, resistance, and capacity among cells in a battery pack. High consistency ensures:
Accurate SOC readings are essential for safe and stable system operation. Gushine utilizes high-precision fuel gauges combined with intelligent algorithms to improve estimation accuracy—especially critical for medical, security, and other high-reliability applications.
Choosing the right lithium battery goes far beyond comparing prices. It requires a comprehensive assessment of factors such as capacity, energy density, C-rate performance, safety, and lifespan—tailored to your specific application needs.
With over 13 years of experience in lithium battery customization, Gushine offers complete solutions from structural design to BMS integration. We help you create safe, reliable, and high-performance products.
Need a custom battery solution or a quote?
Feel free to contact us—our experts are ready to assist!
Select a language
How Lithium Batteries Achieve Waterproofing? | Gushine IP68 Waterproof Battery Solutions 
